Effective Stress Analysis of Liquefaction Sites and Evaluation of Sediment Ejecta Potential

Sediment ejecta mechanism contributes significantly to the severity of liquefaction-induced ground failure (e.g., excessive land subsidence). Estimating amount ejected sediment is a key step assess failure; however, procedures quantify it are currently lacking. post-shaking phenomenon resulting from migration and redistribution excess-pore-water-pressure (ue) generated during earthquake shaking. The dissipation process residual ue can trigger high-gradient upward seepage, which exploit cracks in upper non-liquefiable crust layer. Once layer fully formed there sufficient artesian water pressure, seepage flow produce above surface while ejecting fluidized surface. As more transported surface, additional subsidence produced. characteristics liquefiable sites that did not manifestation after 2010–2011 Canterbury sequence Christchurch, New Zealand, remain unclear. for earthquakes was overestimated or underestimated using indices, such as Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) Severity Number (LSN), at several Christchurch. By capturing mechanism, possible have reliable estimate prevent costly unconservative improvement designs mitigating liquefaction hazards. This research proposes new way quantity hence consequences due level ground.